A new study suggests elevated testosterone levels cause poker players to take actions that undercut their ability to earn a profit from their game.

The study (viewable here), dubbed the Effects of Testosterone Administration on Strategic Gambling in Poker Play, sought to determine whether the hormone deserved its bad reputation as being responsible for everything from douchebag bro culture to the risky moves financial traders took that led to the 2008 global economic crisis.

Interestingly, the study’s authors chose to test their theory on 20 female volunteers, who received either a testosterone lozenge or a placebo, because the effects of such dosages has been determined in women but not in men.

The women were asked to engage in a computerized zero-sum, two-person poker game. After being dealt their cards, the players were asked to make a discrete bet either high or low. If the bets matched, the hands were disclosed and the winning player took the pot. If the bets didn’t match, the low-bidding player had the option of calling or folding. If the low player called, the hands were disclosed and the winner took the pot, but the hands were not compared if the low-bidding player folded.